Ngnames

Hassan Man Ray Max Ernst Marcel Duchamp Hans Arp Potato Dobbs.town Clemon clemon cLemon clmeon clomen Klumen J.R. "Bob" Dobbs Mike Chris Spudboy Clarabot Cleaverbot Klugman jliat "Bob" Paul Fanny Lulu Ana jliat Markov Xdugef killing raven sun Tim Drage Merzbow Vomir Slavoj Zizek Adorno Adi Shankara Nicola Abbagnano Muhammad Abduh Peter Abelard Abhinavagupta Isaac ben Judah Abravanel Judah ben Isaac Abravanel Marilyn McCord Adams Robert Adams Joseph Addison Adelard of Bath Alfred Adler Theodor Adorno Aenesidemus Jamal al-Din al-Afghani Rodolphus Agricola Agrippa the Sceptic Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa Pierre d'Ailly Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz Hans Albert Albert of Saxony Albertus Magnus Joseph Albo Alcinous Alcmaeon of Croton Virgil Aldrich Yohanan ben Isaac Alemanno Alexander of Aphrodisias Alexander of Hales Samuel Alexander Dante Alighieri Antonio Aliotta Archibald Alison Abd al-Jabiri Abdullah al-Qasemi William Alston Johannes Althusius Louis Althusser Robert Alyngton Bhimrao Ambedkar Ambrose Abu'l Hasan Muhammad Ibn Yusuf al-'Amiri Ammonius Hermiae Ammonius Saccas André-Marie Ampère Anton Wilhelm Amo Anaxagoras Anaxarchus Anaximander Anaximenes of Miletus Alan Ross Anderson John Anderson Ando Shoeki Andronicus of Rhodes Peter Annet Anniceris G. E. M. Anscombe Anselm Antiochus of Ascalon Antiphon Antisthenes Karl-Otto Apel Apuleius Thomas Aquinas Isaac ben Moses Arama Arcesilaus Archytas Roberto Ardigò Hannah Arendt Aristippus of Cyrene Aristo of Chios Aristotle Arius Mohammed Arkoun Jacobus Arminius David Malet Armstrong Antoine Arnauld Matthew Arnold Kenneth Arrow Valentin Ferdinandovich Asmus Mary Astell Athanasius of Alexandria Gwenaëlle Aubry Augustine of Hippo Marcus Aurelius Peter Aureol Sri Aurobindo John Austin John Langshaw Austin Richard Avenarius Averroes (or Ibn Rushd) Avicenna (or Ibn Sina) Alfred Jules Ayer Franz Xaver von Baader Charles Babbage Gaston Bachelard Johann Jakob Bachofen Francis Bacon Roger Bacon Alain Badiou Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi Annette Baier Kurt Baier Alexander Bain Karl Friedrich Bahrdt Lynne Rudder Baker Mikhail Bakhtin Mikhail Bakunin Arthur Balfour John Balguy Domingo Báñez Antonio Banfi Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi Jonathan Barnes Brian Barry Karl Barth Roland Barthes Bartolus de Saxoferrato Johann Bernhard Basedow Basilides Georges Bataille Charles Batteux Jean Baudrillard Bruno Bauer David Baumgardt Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten Pierre Bayle Monroe Beardsley James Beattie Cesare Jakob Sigismund Beck Vissarion Belinsky Robert Bellarmine Nuel Belnap Friedrich Eduard Beneke Walter Benjamin Gottfried Benn Jonathan Bennett Jeremy Bentham Richard Bentley Nikolai Berdyaev Gustav Bergmann Henri Bergson George Berkeley Isaiah Berlin Claude Bernard Bernard of Chartres Bernard of Clairvaux Bernard Silvestris François Bernier Eduard Bernstein Ludwig von Bertalanffy Bhartrhari Gabriel Biel Georg Bernhard Bilfinger Alfred Binet Ludwig Binswanger Max Black Simon Blackburn William Blackstone Hugh Blair William Blake Maurice Blanchot Brand Blanshard Blasius of Parma Ernst Bloch Ned Block Maurice Blondel Charles Blount Norberto Bobbio Jean Bodin Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius Boetius of Dacia Alexander Bogdanov Jakob Böhme David Bohm Niels Bohr Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux Samuel Bold Henry St John Ludwig Boltzmann Bernard Bolzano Louis Gabriel Ambroise de Bonald Francesco Bonatelli Bonaventure Dietrich Bonhoeffer Charles Bonnet George Boole Bernard Bosanquet Rudjer Boscovich Pierre Bourdieu Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet Christopher Jacob Boström Henri de Boulainvilliers Emile Boutroux Oets Kolk Bouwsma Borden Parker Bowne Robert Boyle F. H. Bradley Thomas Bradwardine Richard-Bevan Braithwaite Richard B. Brandt Franz Brentano Percy Williams Bridgman Edgar S. Brightman Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin Richard Brinkley Radulphus Brito C. D. Broad Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer Thomas Brown Peter Browne Orestes Brownson Emil Brunner Giordano Bruno Leon Brunschvicg James Bryce Martin Buber Justus Buchler Ludwig Büchner Henry Thomas Buckle Malcolm Budd Johann Franz Buddeus Buddhaghosa Claude Buffier Georges-Louis Leclerc Sergei Nikolaevich Bulgakov Edward Bullough Rudolf Bultmann Jacob Burckhardt Tyler Burge Jean Buridan Edmund Burke Walter Burley Myles Frederic Burnyeat Richard Burthogge Joseph Butler Samuel Butler Pierre Jean George Cabanis Amílcar Cabral Edward Caird Dorion Cairns Thomas Cajetan Calcidius Mario Calderoni Callicles John Calvin Tommaso Campanella George Campbell Norman Robert Campbell Albert Camus Georges Canguilhem Georg Cantor Johannes Capreolus Claudia Card Gerolamo Cardano Thomas Carlyle Gershom Carmichael Rudolf Carnap Carneades Lewis Carroll Nancy Cartwright Carl Gustav Carus Paul Carus Antonio Caso Ernst Cassirer Hector-Neri Castañeda Carlo Cattaneo Stanley Cavell Margaret Cavendish Celsus of Alexandria Michel de Certeau Pyotr Chaadaev Houston Stewart Chamberlain Chanakya Chang Hsueh-ch'eng Chang Tsai William Ellery Channing Walter Charleton Pierre Charron François-René de Chateaubriand Walter Chatton Ch'en Hsien-chang Cheng Hao Cheng Hsuan Cheng Yi Nikolai Chernyshevsky Chia Yi Chiao Hung Boris Chicherin Ch'ien Mu Chih Tun William Chillingworth Roderick Chisholm Noam Chomsky Tasan Chông Yagyong Chou Tun-Yi Christine de Pizan Chrysippus Thomas Chubb Alonzo Church Patricia Churchland Paul Churchland Leon Chwistek Cicero August Cieszkowski Emil Cioran Hélène Cixous Clarembald of Arras Samuel Clarke Johannes Clauberg Cleanthes Clement of Alexandria Catherine Clément Cleomedes William Kingdon Clifford Catherine Trotter Cockburn Lorraine Code G.A. Cohen Hermann Cohen L. Jonathan Cohen Morris Raphael Cohen Samuel Taylor Coleridge John Colet Lucio Colletti Arthur Collier R. G. Collingwood Anthony Collins John Comenius Auguste Comte Étienne Bonnot de Condillac Marquis de Condorcet Confucius Benjamin Constant Lady Anne Finch Conway Nicolaus Copernicus Henry Corbin Geraud de Cordemoy Moses ben Jacob Cordovero Uriel da Costa Antoine Augustin Cournot Victor Cousin Louis Couturat William Crathorn Cratylus James Edwin Creighton Hasdai Crescas Benedetto Croce Christian August Crusius Ralph Cudworth Nathaniel Culverwel Richard Cumberland Cyrano de Bergerac Heinrich Czolbe Peter Abelard Theodor Adorno Thomas Aquinas Hannah Arendt Aristotle Augustine Francis Bacon Roland Barthes Georges Bataille Jean Baudrillard Simone de Beauvoir Walter Benjamin George Berkeley Judith Butler Albert Camus Noam Chomsky Hélène Cixous Gilles Deleuze Jacques Derrida Rene Descartes John Dewey Michel Foucault Hans-Georg Gadamer Jürgen Habermas Donna Haraway Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Martin Heidegger Thomas Hobbes David Hume Edmund Husserl Luce Irigaray William James Kant Immanuel Julia Kristeva Lao Tzu Emmanuel Levinas John Locke Jean-François Lyotard Maurice Merleau-Ponty John Stewart Mill G.E. Moore Friedrich Nietzsche Plato W. V. Quine Ayn Rand Jean Jacques Rousseau Jean-Paul Sartre Arthur Schopenhauer Benedict de Spinoza Ludwig Wittgenstein Jean le Rond d'Alembert Damascius Peter Damian Arthur Danto Charles Darwin Erasmus Darwin David of Dinant David the Invincible Donald Davidson Jalal al-Din al-Dawani Simone de Beauvoir Bruno de Finetti Joseph de Maistre Paul de Man Augustus De Morgan Francesco de Sanctis Richard Dedekind Gilles Deleuze Bernard Delfgaauw Elijah Delmedigo Giorgio Del Vecchio Democritus Daniel Dennett Denys the Carthusian Jacques Derrida René Descartes Robert Desgabets Antoine Destutt de Tracy Paul Deussen Alejandro Deustua John Dewey Dharmakirti Albert Venn Dicey Denis Diderot Dietrich of Freiberg Kenelm Digby Dignaga Wilhelm Dilthey Hugo Dingler Diodorus Cronus Diogenes Laërtius Diogenes of Apollonia Diogenes of Babylon Diogenes of Oenoanda Diogenes the Cynic of Sinope Dogen Zenji Dong Zhongshu Herman Dooyeweerd Fyodor Dostoyevsky Fred Dretske Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch Emil du Bois-Reymond Jean-Baptiste Dubos Émilie du Châtelet Guillaume du Vair Curt Ducasse Pierre Duhem Eugen Dühring Michael Dummett Duns Scotus Profiat Duran Simeon ben Zemah Duran Durandus of St. Pourçain Émile Durkheim Ronald Dworkin Jonathan Earle John Earman Johann Augustus Eberhard Meister Eckhart Umberto Eco Arthur Stanley Eddington Jonathan Edwards Paul Edwards Christian von Ehrenfels Albert Einstein Mircea Eliade Elias George Eliot T. S. Eliot Elisabeth of Bohemia Jon Elster Ralph Waldo Emerson Empedocles Friedrich Engels Epicharmus Epictetus Epicurus Desiderius Erasmus Johannes Scotus Eriugena Rudolf Christoph Eucken Eudoxus of Cnidus Eusebius of Caesarea Gareth Evans Emil Fackenheim Thome H. Fang Frantz Fanon Al-Farabi Michael Faraday Michelangelo Fardella Raimundo de Farias Brito Austin Marsden Farrer Fazang Gustav Fechner Andrew Feenberg Valentin Feldman Joel Feinberg José Pablo Feinmann François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon Feng Youlan Adam Ferguson Ann Ferguson Jose Ferrater-Mora Luigi Ferri James Frederick Ferrier Ludwig Feuerbach Paul Feyerabend Johann Gottlieb Fichte Marsilio Ficino Hartry Field Robert Filmer Eugen Fink John Finnis Kuno Fischer Ronald Fisher John Fiske Pavel Aleksandrovich Florenskii Georges Florovsky Robert Fludd Jerry Fodor Robert J. Fogelin Dagfinn Føllesdal Pedro da Fonseca Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle Philippa Foot David Fordyce Michel Foucault Simon Foucher Alfred Fouillée Charles Fourier Francis of Marchia Francis of Meyronnes Sebastian Franck Jerome Frank Erich Frank Semën Liudvigovich Frank William K. Frankena Harry Gordon Frankfurt Benjamin Franklin Michael Frede Gottlob Frege Hans Frei Sigmund Freud Jakob Friedrich Fries Friedrich Fröbel Marilyn Frye Fujiwara Seika Lon L. Fuller Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov Gadadhara Bhattacharya Hans-Georg Gadamer Gaius Galen Galileo Galilei Pasquale Galluppi Rafael Gambra Ciudad Mahatma Gandhi Gangeśa Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange Christian Garve Pierre Gassendi Gaunilo Aksapada Gautama Siddhartha Gautama David Gauthier John Gay Peter Geach Arnold Gehlen Antonio Genovesi Giovanni Gentile Gerhard Gentzen George of Trebizond Gerard of Cremona Gerard of Odo Alexander Gerard Gerbert of Aurillac Giacinto Sigismondo Gerdil Jean Gerson Gersonides Edmund Gettier Arnold Geulincx Alan Gewirth Joseph Geyser Al-Ghazali Allan Gibbard Edward Gibbon Josiah Gibbs Gilbert of Poitiers Giles of Rome Étienne Gilson Asher Ginsberg Vincenzo Gioberti Joseph Glanvill Jonathan Glover Arthur de Gobineau Rudolph Goclenius Kurt Gödel Godfrey of Fontaines William Godwin Johann Wolfgang Goethe Friedrich Gogarten Alvin Goldman Gongsun Longzi Nelson Goodman Gorgias Johann Christoph Gottsched Marie de Gournay Baltasar Gracián y Morales Antonio Gramsci Asa Gray John Gray Thomas Hill Green Pope Gregory I Gregory of Nazianzus Gregory of Nyssa Gregory of Rimini Herbert Paul Grice James Griffin Germain Grisez Robert Grosseteste Reinhardt Grossmann John Grote Hugo Grotius Adolf Grunbaum Guan Zhong Guo Xiang Edmund Gurney Aron Gurwitsch Jürgen Habermas Ian Hacking Ernst Haeckel Axel Anders Theodor Hagerstrom Yehuda Halevi Johann Georg Hamann Octave Hamelin Sir William Hamilton David Walter Hamlyn Stuart Hampshire Hassan Hanafi Han Feizi Han Wonjin Han Yu Alastair Hannay Eduard Hanslick Norwood Russell Hanson Sandra Harding R. M. Hare Gilbert Harman Adolf von Harnack James Harrington William Torrey Harris H. L. A. Hart David Hartley Eduard Von Hartmann Nicolai Hartmann Charles Hartshorne William Harvey Seiichi Hatano Hayashi Razan Friedrich Hayek William Hazlitt Christian Friedrich Hebbel G.W.F. Hegel Martin Heidegger Carl Heim Werner Heisenberg Virginia Held Hermann von Helmholtz Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont Claude Adrien Helvétius Carl Gustav Hempel Frans Hemsterhuis Henricus Regius Henry of Ghent Henry of Harclay Ronald William Hepburn Heraclides Ponticus Heraclitus of Ephesus Johann Friedrich Herbart Edward Herbert Johann Gottfried Herder Abraham Cohen de Herrera John Herschel Heinrich Rudolf Hertz Hervaeus Natalis Alexander Herzen Abraham Joshua Heschel Hesiod Moses Hess Sergei Iosifovich Hessen William of Heytesbury John Hick Laurens Perseus Hickok Hierocles the Stoic David Hilbert Hildegard of Bingen Hillel ben Samuel of Verona Hermann Friedrich Wilhelm Hinrichs Jaakko Hintikka Hippias Hippocrates Ho Yen Thomas Hobbes Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse William Ernest Hocking Shadworth Hodgson Harald Høffding Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld Baron d'Holbach Robert Holcot Friedrich Hölderlin Oliver Wendell Holmes Edwin Holt Henry Home Homer Richard Hönigswald Sidney Hook Richard Hooker Max Horkheimer Jennifer Hornsby Paul Horwich George Howison Hsi K'ang Hsiung Shih-li Hsu Fu-kuan Hsu Hsing Hu Hung Hu Shi Huai Nun Tzu Huang Zongxi Pierre Daniel Huet Friedrich von Hügel Hugh of St Victor Hui Shi Wilhelm von Humboldt David Hume Jan Hus Edmund Husserl Francis Hutcheson Thomas Henry Huxley Christiaan Huygens Hypatia of Alexandria Jean Hyppolite Iamblichus Yahya ibn Adi Ibn Arabi Ibn ar-Rawandi Ibn Bajjah Ibn Daud Abraham ibn Ezra Moses ibn Ezra Ibn Falaquera Solomon Ibn Gabirol Ibn Hazm Ibn Kammuna Ibn Khaldun Ibn Masarra Ibn Miskawayh Bahya ibn Paquda Ibn Sabin Ibn Taymiya Samuel ibn Tibbon Ibn Tufail Joseph ibn Tzaddik Ivan Aleksandrovich Il'in Evald Vassilievich Ilyenkov Immanuel the Roman Roman Ingarden William Ralph Inge José Ingenieros Nae Ionescu Muhammad Iqbal Luce Irigaray Terence Irwin Isocrates Isaac of Stella Isaac Israeli Ito Jinsai Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov Frank Jackson Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi James of Viterbo Henry James Sr. William James Vladimir Jankélévitch Karl Jaspers James Hopwood Jeans Thomas Jefferson Richard C. Jeffrey William Stanley Jevons Rudolf von Jhering Jinul Joachim of Fiore Friedrich Jodl John of Damascus John of Jandun John of La Rochelle John of Mirecourt John of Paris John of Salisbury John of St. Thomas John of the Cross Alexander Bryan Johnson Samuel Johnson Samuel Johnson Samuel Johnson William Ernest Johnson Jørgen Jørgensen Théodore Simon Jouffroy Judah ben Moses of Rome Carl Jung Ernst Jünger Joachim Jungius Justinian I Al-Juwayni Franz Kafka Kaibara Ekiken Kang Youwei Immanuel Kant Kao Tzu David Kaplan Mordecai Kaplan Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev Lev Platonovich Karsavin Joseph Kaspi Suzy Kassem Walter Kaufmann Karl Kautsky Khedrup Gelek Pelzang Konstantin Kavelin Bartholomew Keckermann Hans Kelsen Norman Kemp Smith Anthony Kenny Johannes Kepler John Maynard Keynes Hermann Graf Keyserling Aleksey Khomyakov Søren Kierkegaard Richard Kilvington Robert Kilwardby Jaegwon Kim Al-Kindi Martin Luther King Ivan Kireevsky Patricia Kitcher Ludwig Klages Heinrich von Kleist William Calvert Kneale Martin Knutzen Ko Hung Kurt Koffka Wolfgang Köhler Alexandre Kojève Alejandro Korn Tadeusz Kotarbiński Alexandre Koyre Aleksei Aleksandrovich Kozlov Karl Kraus Karl Christian Friedrich Krause Georg Kreisel Saul Kripke Julia Kristeva Nachman Krochmal Leopold Kronecker Peter Kropotkin Felix Krueger Thomas Samuel Kuhn Kūkai Kuki Shūzō Oswald Külpe Kumazawa Banzan Kuo Hsiang Ernst Laas Lucien Laberthonnière Antonio Labriola Jean de La Bruyère Jacques Lacan Jules Lachelier Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe Pierre Laffitte Louis de La Forge Imre Lakatos André Lalande Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Johann Heinrich Lambert Hughes Felicité Robert de Lamennais Julien Offray de La Mettrie François de La Mothe Le Vayer Ludwig Landgrebe Friedrich Albert Lange Susanne Langer Lao Zi Isaac La Peyrère Pierre-Simon Laplace Ivan Ivanovich Lapshin François de La Rochefoucauld Pierre Laromiguière Abdullah Laroui Ferdinand Lassalle Johann Kaspar Lavater Louis Lavelle Antoine Lavoisier Peter Lavrovitch Lavrov William Law Jean Le Clerc Michèle Le Dœuff Henri Lefebvre Antoine Le Grand Keith Lehrer Gottfried Leibniz Yeshayahu Leibowitz Vladimir Lenin Leonardo da Vinci Konstantin Nikolaevich Leont'ev Giacomo Leopardi Jules Lequier Pierre Leroux Edouard Louis Emmanuel Julien Le Roy René Le Senne Stanisław Leśniewski Gotthold Ephraim Lessing Leucippus Emmanuel Levinas Claude Lévi-Strauss Lucien Lévy-Bruhl Kurt Lewin Clarence Irving Lewis C. S. Lewis David Kellogg Lewis Li Ao Liang Qichao Liang Sou-ming Georg Christoph Lichtenberg Arthur Liebert Otto Liebmann Liezi Linji Yixuan Carl Linnaeus Theodor Lipps Justus Lipsius Émile Littré Liu Shaoqi Liu Tsung-chou Genevieve Lloyd Karl Nickerson Llywelyn Ramon Llull John Locke Alfred Loisy Peter Lombard Bernard Lonergan Pseudo-Longinus Leo Mikhailovich Lopatin Paul Lorenzen Aleksei Fedorovich Losev Nicholas Onufrievich Lossky Yuri Lotman Hermann Lotze Arthur O. Lovejoy John R. Lucas Lucian Lucretius Lu Jiuyuan Georg Lukács Jan Łukasiewicz Anatoliy Lunacharskiy Martin Luther Rosa Luxemburg William Lycan Jean-François Lyotard Ernst Mach Niccolò Machiavelli Alasdair MacIntyre John Leslie Mackie Madhava Shri Madhvacharya Mahavira Benoît de Maillet Salomon Maimon Abraham ben Moses Maimonides Maimonides Maine de Biran John Major Norman Malcolm Nicolas Malebranche Ernst Mally André Malraux Thomas Malthus Merab Mamardashvili Bernard de Mandeville Mani Karl Mannheim Henry Longueville Mansel Mao Zedong Gabriel Marcel Marcion Ruth Barcan Marcus Herbert Marcuse Joseph Maréchal Juan de Mariana Julián Marías Jacques Maritain Gaius Marius Victorinus Svetozar Marković Odo Marquard Marsilius of Inghen Marsilius of Padua Roger Marston Charles B. Martin Harriet Martineau James Martineau Piero Martinetti Anton Marty Marko Marulić Karl Marx Tomáš Masaryk Damaris Cudworth Masham Cotton Mather Matthew of Aquasparta Pierre Louis Maupertuis Fritz Mauthner James Clerk Maxwell James McCosh William McDougall John McDowell Evander Bradley McGilvary Colin McGinn John Ellis McTaggart George Herbert Mead Bartolomé de Medina Georg Friedrich Meier Friedrich Meinecke Alexius Meinong Philipp Melanchthon Melissus of Samos D. Hugh Mellor Menasseh Ben Israel Mencius Gregor Mendel Moses Mendelssohn Désiré-Joseph Mercier Maurice Merleau-Ponty Marin Mersenne Jean Meslier Judah Messer Leon Emile Meyerson Conyers Middleton Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhailovskii Miki Kiyoshi Mikyo Dorje Gaston Milhaud James Mill John Stuart Mill John Millar Dickinson Miller Ruth Millikan John Milton Minagawa Kien Mir Damad Miura Baien Jacob Moleschott Luis de Molina Enrique Molina Garmendia Lord Monboddo Richard Montague William Pepperell Montague Michel de Montaigne Baron de Montesquieu Edmund Montgomery G. E. Moore Henry More Thomas More C. Lloyd Morgan Lewis H. Morgan Thomas Morgan Karl Philipp Moritz Gaetano Mosca Motoori Norinaga Emmanuel Mounier Mou Tsung-san Mozi David Ibn Merwan Al-Mukammas Mulla Sadra Iris Murdoch Muro Kyuso Arthur Edward Murphy Musonius Rufus Arne Næss Nagarjuna Ernest Nagel Thomas Nagel Nahmanides Jacques-André Naigeon Toju Nakae Jean-Luc Nancy Hossein Nasr Paul Gerhard Natorp Alexander Neckham Leonard Nelson Nemesius of Emesa John von Neumann Otto Neurath John Henry Newman Isaac Newton Nichiren Nicholas of Autrecourt Nicholas of Cusa Christoph Friedrich Nicolai Pierre Nicole H. Richard Niebuhr Reinhold Niebuhr Friedrich Nietzsche Agostino Nifo Nishi Amane Nishida Kitaro Nishitani Keiji Kwame Nkrumah John Norris Novalis Robert Nozick Numenius of Apamea Martha Nussbaum Anders Nygren Michael Oakeshott William of Ockham Ogyū Sorai Lorenz Oken Karl Olivecrona Peter Olivi Olympiodorus the Younger John Wood Oman Onora O'Neill Nicole Oresme Origen of Alexandria Isaac Orobio de Castro Hans Christian Ørsted José Ortega y Gasset Wilhelm Ostwald James Oswald Rudolf Otto Richard Overton Gwilyn Ellis Lane Owen Thomas Paine Menyhért Palágyi William Paley Elihu Palmer Panaetius Wolfhart Pannenberg David Papineau Giovanni Papini Paracelsus Vilfredo Pareto Derek Parfit Theodore Parker Parmenides Blaise Pascal John Arthur Passmore Valentino Annibale Pastore Patañjali Walter Pater Jan Patočka Francesco Patrizi da Cherso Akos Pauler Linus Pauling Paul of Venice Friedrich Paulsen Ivan Pavlov Christopher Peacocke Giuseppe Peano David Pears Karl Pearson John Peckham Benjamin Peirce Charles Sanders Peirce Pelagius William Penbygull Thomas Percival Ralph Barton Perry Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi Peter of Auvergne Peter of Spain Richard Stanley Peters Petrarch Leon Petrazycki Joane Petrizi Branislav Petronijević Petar II Petrović-Njegoš Joseph Petzoldt Alexander Pfänder Philip the Chancellor Philo Judaeus of Alexandria Philo of Larissa Philo the Dialectician Philodemus of Gadara Philolaus of Croton Philo of Larissa Philo of Megara John Philoponus Jean Piaget Giovanni Pico della Mirandola Dimitri Pisarev Max Planck Alvin Plantinga Plato Georgi Plekhanov Helmuth Plessner Gemistus Pletho Plotinus Gottfried Ploucquet [de] Mestrius Plutarch of Chaeronia Henri Poincaré Michael Polanyi Pietro Pomponazzi Alexander Pope Karl Popper Josef Popper-Lynkeus Porphyry Noah Porter Posidonius Richard Posner Emil Leon Post Robert Joseph Pothier Roscoe Pound Henry Habberley Price Richard Price Harold Arthur Prichard Joseph Priestley Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison Arthur Prior Proclus Prodicus Protagoras Pierre-Joseph Proudhon Marcel Proust Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite Pseudo-Grosseteste Ptolemy Samuel Pufendorf Hilary Putnam Pyrrho Pythagoras Pandurang Shastri Athavale Ismael Quiles [es] W. V. O. Quine Anthony Quinton François Rabelais Gustav Radbruch Janet Radcliffe Richards Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Assi Rahbani Karl Rahner Ramanuja Frank P. Ramsey Ian Thomas Ramsey Paul Ramsey Petrus Ramus Jacques Rancière Ram Gopal Varma Ayn Rand Hastings Rashdall Felix Ravaisson-Mollien John Rawls John Ray Daniel Raymond Joseph Raz Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya al-Razi Fakhr al-Din al-Razi Paul Ree Pierre-Sylvain Regis August Wilhelm Rehberg [5]* Wilhelm Reich Hans Reichenbach Thomas Reid Hermann Samuel Reimarus Adolf Reinach Karl Leonhard Reinhold Karl Renner Charles Bernard Renouvier Nicholas Rescher Rgyal tshab dar ma rin chen David Ricardo Richard of Middleton Richard of St. Victor Richard Rufus of Cornwall I. A. Richards Radovan Richta Heinrich Rickert Paul Ricœur Bernhard Riemann R.R. Rockingham Gill Jacques Rohault Erwin Rohde Francisco Romero Avital Ronell Richard Rorty Vasily Rozanov Roscelin of Compiègne Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz Franz Rosenzweig Antonio Rosmini-Serbati Alf Niels Christian Ross William David Ross Gian-Carlo Rota Jean Jacques Rousseau Claude Henri de Rouvroy Joseph Rovan Josiah Royce Pierre Paul Royer-Collard Vasily Rozanov Ruan Ji Arnold Ruge Michael Ruse Bertrand Russell Jan van Ruysbroek Gilbert Ryle Saadia Gaon Mulla Hadi Sabzevari William S. Sahakian Mark Sainsbury Claude Henri de Rouvroy Émile Saisset Syed Zafarul Hasan Nathan Salmon Wesley Salmon Francisco Sanches Michael Sandel George Santayana Prabhat Rainjan Sarkar Jean-Paul Sartre Crispin Sartwell John Ralston Saul Ferdinand de Saussure Fernando Savater Friedrich Karl von Savigny Julius Caesar Scaliger Thomas Scanlon Richard Schacht Max Scheler Friedrich Schelling F. C. S. Schiller Friedrich Schiller Friedrich Schlegel Hubert Schleichert Friedrich Schleiermacher Moritz Schlick Carl Schmitt J.B. Schneewind Arthur Schopenhauer Erwin Schrödinger Gottlob Ernst Schulze Joseph Schumpeter Anna Maria van Schurman Alfred Schütz Albert Schweitzer Roger Scruton John Searle Charles Secrétan Michal Sedziwój John Selden Roy Wood Sellars Wilfrid Sellars Amartya Sen Seneca the Younger Sengzhao John Sergeant Michel Serres Sextus Empiricus Stanley Sfekas Anthony Ashley-Cooper Shah Wali Allah Shang Yang Adi Shankara Shao Yung Darius Shayegan Shen Buhai Shen Dao Lev Shestov Shinran Sydney Shoemaker Daryush Shokof Gustav Gustavovich Shpet Henry Sidgwick Sigerus of Brabant Heinrich Christoph Wilhelm Sigwart Abu Sulayman Muhammad al-Sijistani Francesco Silvestri Georg Simmel Simon of Faversham Simplicius of Cilicia Kurt Singer Peter Singer B. F. Skinner Thoralf Skolem Hryhori Skovoroda Peter Sloterdijk J. J. C. Smart Adam Smith Barry Smith Huston Smith Joseph Smith Michael Smith Raymond Smullyan Joseph D. Sneed Jan Sniadecki Scott Soames Elliott Sober Socrates Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Solger Joseph Soloveitchik Vladimir Solovyov Georges Sorel William Ritchie Sorley Abdolkarim Soroush Ernest Sosa Domingo de Soto Othmar Spann Herbert Spencer Thomas Spencer Baynes Oswald Spengler Speusippus Herbert Spiegelberg Baruch Spinoza Afrikan Spir Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak Lysander Spooner Timothy L.S. Sprigge Walter Terence Stace Edward Stachura Anne Louise Germaine de Staël James Dalrymple Robert Stalnaker Henry Stanton Olaf Stapledon Stanislaw Staszic L. Susan Stebbing Edith Stein George Steiner Rudolf Steiner Leslie Stephen Charles Leslie Stevenson Dugald Stewart Stephen Stich Stilpo James Hutchison Stirling Max Stirner George Frederick Stout David Stove Strato of Lampsacus David Friedrich Strauss Leo Strauss Galen Strawson P. F. Strawson Barry Stroud Carl Stumpf Francisco Suárez Gabrielle Suchon Sun Tzu Sun Yat-sen Henry Suso Karen Swassjan Emanuel Swedenborg Richard Swinburne Syrianus [5] David Sztybel Allama Tabatabai Javad Tabatabaei Debendranath Tagore Rabindranath Tagore Tai Chen Hippolyte Taine T'an Ssu-t'ung Tanabe Hajime T'ang Chun-i Alfred Tarski Wladyslaw Tatarkiewicz Johannes Tauler Nicolaus Taurellus Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi Charles Taylor Harriet Taylor Mill Richard Taylor Gustav Teichmuller Pierre Teilhard de Chardin Bernardino Telesio Placide Tempels William Temple Frederick Robert Tennant Teresa of Avila Tertullian Johannes Nikolaus Tetens Thales Themistius Theodorus of Cyrene Theophrastus Helmut Thielicke Thierry of Chartres Thomas à Kempis Thomas of Erfurt Thomas of York Christian Thomasius William Thompson Judith Jarvis Thomson Henry David Thoreau Thrasymachus Thucydides Paul Tillich Timaeus of Locri Timon of Phlius Matthew Tindal Alexis de Tocqueville Tzvetan Todorov John Toland Francisco de Toledo Leo Tolstoy Tominaga Nakamoto Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg Ernst Troeltsch Leon Trotsky Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus Je Tsongkhapa Abraham Tucker Benjamin Tucker Peter Tudvad Ernst Tugendhat Raimo Tuomela Alan Turing George Turnball Nasir al-Din al-Tusi Kazimierz Twardowski Michael Tye TK Neezar Ahmed Pietro Ubaldi Udayana Uddyotakara Uisang Ulrich of Strasbourg Hermann Ulrici Miguel de Unamuno Peter Unger Dimitri Uznadze Hans Vaihinger Valentinius Lorenzo Valla Vallabhacharya Bas C. van Fraassen Peter van Inwagen Giulio Cesare Vanini Francisco Varela Vasubandhu Vatsyayana Emerich de Vattel Gianni Vattimo Vauvenargues Gabriel Vazquez John Venn Henry Babcock Veatch Nicoletto Vernia Giambattista Vico Milan Vidmar Michel Villey Vital Du Four Francisco de Vitoria Juan Luís Vives Gregory Vlastos Eric Voegelin Voltaire Georg Henrik von Wright Lev Vygotsky Boris Petrovich Vysheslavtsev Jean Wahl Friedrich Waismann Alfred Russel Wallace Michael Walzer Ernest Wamba dia Wamba Wang Bi Wang Ch'ung Wang Fuzhi Hao Wang Wang Yangming James Ward Geoffrey J. Warnock Mary Warnock John B. Watson Watsuji Tetsuro Alan Watts Max Weber Eric Weil Simone Weil Ota Weinberger Otto Weininger Christian Hermann Weisse Victoria Felix Weltsch Cornel West Edvard Westermarck Hermann Weyl Frantisek Weyr William Whewell Benjamin Whichcote Thomas White Alfred North Whitehead David Wiggins William of Alnwick William of Auvergne William of Auxerre William of Champeaux William of Conches William of Moerbeke William of Shyreswood Bernard Williams Timothy Williamson Colin Wilson John Cook Wilson Peter Winch Wilhelm Windelband Kwasi Wiredu John Wisdom John Witherspoon Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz Ludwig Wittgenstein Adam de Wodeham Christian Wolff William Wollaston Richard Wollheim Mary Wollstonecraft Nicholas Wolterstorff Wonchuk Timothy K. Wong Wonhyo Daisa Woo Tsin-hang Chauncey Wright Crispin Wright Dorothy Maud Wrinch Jerzy Wróblewski Wilhelm Wundt John Wyclif Xenocrates Xenophanes of Colophon Xenophon Xun Zi Yamuna vihar Nishkam imaging solution Yajnavalkya Yang Chu Yang Xiong Yen Yuan Yi Hwang Yi I Yi Kan Francis Parker Yockey Arthur M. Young Iris Marion Young Jacopo Zabarella Edward N. Zalta Peter Wessel Zapffe Zeami Motokiyo Eduard Zeller Zeno of Citium Zeno of Elea Zeno of Sidon Zeno of Tarsus Ernst Zermelo Philip Zhai Zhiyi Zhou Guoping Zhu Xi Zhuang Zi Slavoj Žižek Florian Znaniecki Zongmi Zou Yan Xavier Zubiri